We are
serialising some sections from the draft translation of الجامع لأحكام الصيام ‘Al-Jami
li Ahkam as-Siyam’ (A
complete guide of the rules of fasting) by Sheikh Abu
Iyas Mahmoud bin Abdul Latif al-Uweidathis Ramadhan, please note
this is a draft translation so please overlook errors.
Sawm linguistically means refraining, silence, suspension and what is included in its meanings. Sawm has been mentioned with this meaning in Allah’s (swt) noble book. Allah (swt) says:
Sawm linguistically means refraining, silence, suspension and what is included in its meanings. Sawm has been mentioned with this meaning in Allah’s (swt) noble book. Allah (swt) says:
{ فكُلي واشربي وقَرِّي عيْناً فإِما تَرَيِنَّ من البَشَرِ
أَحَداً فقولي إِني نَذَرتُ للرحمنِ صَوْماً فلن أُكلِّمَ اليومَ إِنْسِيَّاً }
"So eat and drink and be glad. And if you see any human being, say: ‘Verily, I have vowed a fast unto the Most Gracious so I shall not speak to any human being this day." (Surah Maryam Ayah 26)
As for
As-Sawm in the sharee’ah terminology, it is refraining from those things that
break the fast and they are: food, drink, sexual relations, excess water
through mouth/nose and vomiting, with the intention of getting closer to Allah
(swt) from Fajr of a day until its Maghrib. This Sharee’ah meaning of fasting
has been mentioned in numerous noble ayaat and there is no need to bring them
up here as they are well known amongst people who are knowledgeable of them.
The
Merits of As Sawm:
There
are many Ahaadeeth that mention the merit of Fasting of which I will mention
some:
Narrated
from Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (saw) said:
1)
Narrated
by Imaam Al Bukhaari (1904) and Muslim, Nisaa’i, Ibn Maajah and Ahmad.
Also
from Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (saw) said:
Narrated
by Abu Daawud At Tayaalissy (2485) and Ahmad.
And from
Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (saw) said:
Narrated
by Muslim (2707), An Nisaa’i, Ad Daraami and Bayhaqi. Ahmad (9712) and Ibn
Majah narrated it with the following words:
<
Every one of the sons of Adam’s actions is multiplies, a good action will have
ten of it’s like or up to seven hundred times to what Allah wills, Allah Azza
wa Jalla says: Except for fasting, it is for me and I will reward for
it...> The addition is ‘ to what Allah wills’.
2)
On the authority of Sahl bin Sa’d (ra) that the Prophet (saw) said: . Narrated by Buhkaari (1896) and Muslim and
Nisaa’i. Ibn Maajah (1640) and Tirmidhi narrated it as
following: < So those who were from amongst the Saa’imeen (faster’s)
will enter, and whoever has done will never feel the quench of thirst
again>.
3)
On the authority of Abdullah Ibn Mas’ood (ra) that he said that the Prophet
(saw) said: Al Bukhaari (1905),
Muslim, Daawud, Nisaa’i and Tirmidhi. Wijaa’a means to put pressure on the
testicles or its veins so as to cut the desire.
4)
On the authority of Hudhayfah bin Al Yaman (ra) that he heard the Prophet (saw)
saying: . Al Bukhaari (1895) and
Muslim. Ibn Abi Shaibah (595:8) reported it with this
wording: . And also from Hudhaifah (ra) from the Prophet (saw): . Narrated
by Al Bazzaar (1038) and Ahmed and Al Haythami said that its people (narrators)
are trustworthy.
5)
On the authority of Abdullah Ibn Umar (rah) that the Messenger (saw)
said: . Narrated by Ahmad (6626) and
its sanad (chain) is Hasan. Tabaraani also narrated it in his Al Mu’jam
Al Kabeer and Al Haakim narrated it and verified its soundness.
6)
On the authority of Abu Umaamah (ra) who said: . Narrated by Ahmad
(22501) and Nisaa’i, ibn Hibbaan, ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Abi Shaybah, and Tabaraani
in Al Mu’jam Al Kabeer. And in another version from Ibn Hibbaan (3425) and
Nisaaa’i (Alayka bi sAum fa laa mithla lahu...) Fast as there is nothing
comparable to it. Here ‘mithla’ is used instead of ‘idla’ in the previous
version to mean ‘the like of/equal to’.
7)
On the authority of Abu Hurairah (ra) who said that the Messenger (saw)
said: < There are three whose requests
(du’aa) will not be turned down: The just ruler, the one who fasts until he
breaks it and the one who is oppressed. Allah (swt) will raise them on the Day
of Judgement without (al ghumaam) clouds and the doors of the heavens (skies)
will be opened for them and He will say: With my Izza (glory) I gave you
victory even if it was after a while>. Narrated by Ibn Maajah (1752). Al
Gumaam has the same meaning as mentioned in the following Ayaat as Allah (swt)
states:
يومَ
تَشَقَّقُ السماءُ بالغَمَامِ
And
(remember) the day that the Heaven will be rent asunder by clouds.. (Al
Furqaan: 25)
هل
يَنْظُرون إلا أَن يأتيَهُم اللهُ في ظُلَلٍ من الغَمَامِ
Do they
then wait for anything other than that Allah (swt) should come to them in the
shadows of the clouds (Al Baqarah: 210).
8)
On the authority of Othmaan ibn Abi Aas (ra) that he said: ‘I heard the
Messenger of Allah (saw) saying’: . Narrated
by Nisaa’i (2231), Ibn Maajah, Ahmad, Ibn Hibbaan and Ibn Abi Shaybah.
9)
On the authority of jaabir ibn Abdillah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saw)
said: < Our Rabb Azza wa Jalla said:
Fasting is a shield (Junnah) the servent seeks to shield himself with it from
the Naar (fire) and it (fasting) is for me, and I will reward/recompense for
it>. Narrated by Ahmad (14724) with a sanad (chain) which is Jayyid
(good) and also narrated by Al Bayhaqi.
10)
On the authority of Abi Ubaidah (ra) who said that he heard the Messenger of
Allah (saw) say: Ahmad
(1690/1700) In a version of ad Daraami (1733): Tabaraani narrated it
in Al Mu’jam Al Awsat (4533) from Abi Hurairah (ra).
So how
noble are the Fadaa’il (merits) of the Ibaadah of Fasting. Fasting is a shield,
i.e. a guard and protection. It is a blocker of desires when one cannot marry
and it expiates the sins in the time of affliction. It intercedes on behalf of
its master on the Day of Judgement and for those who fast belongs the gate of
Ar Rayyaan, the one who enters from it will never experience thirst again. It
is sufficient alone to look at what came in the Hadeeth, ‘Every one of the sons of Adam’s actions is
multiplies, a good action will have ten of it’s like or up to seven hundred
times to what Allah wills, Allah Azza wa Jalla says: Except for fasting, it is
for me and I will reward for it’.
If there
were no other ahaadeeth mentioning the merits of fasting then this would have
been enough. It is true that there is no act equal to or like that of fasting
as mentioned in the sixth hadeeth and the only result of this act is entering
into Jannah as it came in the hadeeth reported by Hudhaifah (ra) and found with
al Bazzaar and Ahmad. Also as mentioned in the seventh hadeeth; it is the
deserved right of the faster to be honoured by Allah (swt) and have his du’a
responded to and answered.
The
merits of Ramadhaan:
In
relation to the merits of Ramadhaan the following ahaadeeth have been related:
1)
On the authority of Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (saw) use to say: . Imaam Muslim (552), Ahmad and Al Bukhaari in
his At Tareekh Al Kabeer.
2)
And also from him (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: <’Shame/pity (raghima Anf) on the man who when I am
mentioned does not pray on me and pity on the man who enters into Ramadhaan and
does not have all of his sins forgiven before its passing and pity on the man
who when his parents reach an old age and they don’t cause him to enter Jannah
(because of his good treatment of them)’ Rabiy said: ‘I don’t know it (the
hadeeth) except that he said:’ or one of the two (parents)’>. Imaam
Ahmad (7444), Tirmidhi, Ibn Khuzaimah, al Haakim. Its Isnaad (chain) is jayyid
(good).
3)
From Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: . Al Bukhaari (1899), Muslim, An Nisaa’i, Ahmad,
Ibn Hibbaan, Ad Daarami with differences in some words.
4)
From Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: . Al Bukhaari (38) Nisaa’i, Ibn Maajah, Ahmad,
Ibn Hibbaan, and Ahmad (8989) and Nisaa’i in a second version stating ‘all of
his previous and forthcoming sins will be forgiven’. Al Mundhiri said the
Isnaad is Hasan buy Hamaad had doubt in its connection or that the addition to
the Hadeeth only goes back to one link in the chain from Qateebah bin Saeed
from Sufyaan.
5)
From ibn Abbaas (rah) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: . Ibn Maajah (2994), Nisaa’i, Ahmad. Ibn Maajah
(2991), Ahmad and Tirmidhi narrated the Hadeeth with the same wording from Wahab
bin Khanbash. Ahmad (14855) and Ibn Maajah also narrated it from Jaabir
(ra). Al Bukhaari (1863) narrated from Jaabir (ra) and Muslim and Abu Daawud
with the wording; ’Verily Umrah in Ramadhaan is like Hajj or Hajj with me>.
Tabaraani in his Al Mu’jam Al Kabeer (364/25) and Abu Daawujd, Ahmad on the
authority of Mu’qal (ra) (she) said: <’I have become old and sick. Is there
an action that can recompense me for my Hajj? He (saw) said: ‘Umrah in
Ramadhaan will recompense for it.’>
6)
From Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: . Ibn Maajah (1642), Ibn Hibbaan and Bayhaqi. Al
Haakim narrated it and verified its soundness (saheeh) and adh Dhahabi agreed.
Ibn Khuzaimah (1883) narrated it with a slight difference and Tabaraani in Al
Mu’jam al Kabeer (1586) an Nisaa’i narrated similar to it except on the way of
Utbah bin Farqad (ra).
The
significance of the above ahaadeeth are clear and do not require further
explanation. If I add the ahaadeeth related to the merits of fasting in a
complete manner to this topic then the merits of both fasting and Ramadhaan
combined can be revealed in a perfect way. Ibn Abbaas (rah) said: ‘The
Messenger of Allah (saw) was the very best (most generous) of people, and he
was at his best in Ramadhaan when he would meet with Jibreel (rha) and he would
meet Jibreel every night and would go over (revise) the Quran. The messenger
(saw) was even better in bringing Al Khair (goodness) than the fair winds’. (al
Bukhaari (6), Muslim, Nisaa’i, Tirmidhi, Ahmad and Ibn Hibbaan).
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